Import and Export for Rice In US

Introduction Ethiopia is facing diverse climate related challenges in 2020. The main challenges are associated with all the desert locust invasions from the Northeast (Tigray, Wollo and Afar regions ) and South-eastern (Dire Dawa and Hararghe) regions of the country and flooding linked with continuous heavy rains that has affected the Fogera plain and the lowland areas of Afar area. Additionally, the flood in the Fogera plain was aggravated by (I) the bad management of irrigation stations of the uncompleted rib river irrigation scheme, which has been under construction since 2008, (ii) lack of flood management structures in the districts of the Fogera plain, and (iii) the absence of coordinated and proper watershed management practices (e.g. afforestation, terracing and other flooding controlling practices) on the upper catchment areas (upland areas) of this Fogera plain, and a scarcity of flood-risk mitigation and analysis to get a fast reaction. Along with the degree of harm, we talk about the on-going efforts set up to address challenges together with expected consequences on rice commercialization as well as the livelihoods of farmers in the Fogera plain.Measures underway to Deal with the affected familiesFollowing the floods, those severely affected have received humanitarian aid to, such as supply of temporary shelter (house, blankets, tarpaulins, sleeping mats) and relief assistance (provision of water and food ). The humanitarian assistance was provided by political and non-governmental organisations. Concerning rehabilitation, there is a plan to ensure accessibility of seeds from plants that can be increased while the floodwater subsides, chiefly linked to short-term crops like pulses and plants that may be grown with irrigation. According to respondents, the anticipated challenges will likely be (I) ensuring that the supply of quality seed of preferred types of short maturing plants, (ii) labor deficit, as all influenced farmers will need to plant at the same period, (iii) the possible communicable disease pandemic following the flood (e.g. typhoid, cholera and Malaria), and (iv) persistent food insecurity exerted by both the flood and COVID-19 associated food price surge.Expected effect of the flooding on rice commercialisation and farmers' livelihood The answers of affected farmers and specialists in the various district division of agriculture and Early Warning and Risk Management offices signify the following brief and long-term effects related to rice commercialization and farmers' livelihoods: The need to Guarantee food security for the affected farm families through humanitarian aid, which also needs redirection of agriculture development efforts;Availability of paddy rice in the present principal production will be substantially reduced resulting in higher costs of paddy and milled rice.The food safety status of farm householders in rural areas and families in urban areas will be substantially reduced as food costs will be very large;The projected harvest production on the residual moisture in the soil after the floods will result in progress in the availability of food for farm households. However, the extent of production is forecast to be influenced by lack of labour, as all affected farmers will start farm activities at the exact same time.Given the exacerbation of harm was mainly as a result of inefficiency in the building and absence of timely completion of noodle irrigation system, policy makers have been likely to enhance production systems with better access to irrigation, along with the chance of off-season creation of different crops such as high value crops (vegetables). Rib irrigation is one of the major investments at the Fogera plain expected to transform the whole crop production system covering 20,000 ha of land and reaching 40,000 farmers.The construction of Rib irrigation dam began in 2008 with a local contractor, Ethiopian Construction Works Corporation with the financial aid of World Bank as part of the Bank's Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) with initial estimated budget of 1.3 billion birr and has been assumed to be completed in 2012. It was formally inaugurated in 2018 following 10 years in an expense of 3.8 billion birr. However, the strategy is still not completed, together with the regional government intending to do so from the first half of 2021.

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